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Birth:          1176 of Esztergom, Komarom, Hungary
Death:          21 Sep 1235 
Burial:         Eger, Heves, Hungary

Notes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary
Andrew II (Hungarian: II. András, Croatian: Andrija II., Slovak: Ondrej II., Ukrainian: 
?????? II; c. 1177 – 21 September 1235), also known as Andrew of Jerusalem, was 
King of Hungary and Croatia between 1205 and 1235. He ruled the Principality of 
Halych from 1188 until 1189/1190, and again between 1208/1209 and 1210. He was 
the younger son of Béla III of Hungary, who entrusted him with the administration of 
the newly conquered Principality of Halych in 1188. Andrew's rule was unpopular, and 
the boyars expelled him. Béla III willed property and money to Andrew, obliging him to 
lead a crusade to the Holy Land. Instead, Andrew forced his elder brother, King 
Emeric of Hungary, to cede Croatia and Dalmatia as an appanage to him in 1197. The 
following year, Andrew occupied Hum.

Despite the fact that Andrew did not stop conspiring against Emeric, the dying king 
made Andrew guardian of his son, Ladislaus III, in 1204. After the premature death of 
Ladislaus, Andrew ascended the throne in 1205. According to historian László Kontler, 
"[i]t was amindst the socio-political turmoil during [Andrew's] reign that the relations, 
arrangements, institutional framework and social categories that arose under Stephen 
I, started to disintegrate in the higher echelons of society" in Hungary.[1] Andrew 
introduced a new grants policy, the so-called "new institutions", giving away money 
and royal estates to his partisans despite the loss of royal revenues. He was the first 
Hungarian monarch to adopt the title of "King of Halych and Lodomeria". He waged at 
least a dozen wars to seize the two Rus' principalities, but the local boyars and 
neighboring princes prevented him from conquering the principalities. He participated 
in the Fifth Crusade to the Holy Land in 1217–1218, but the crusade was a failure.

When the servientes regis, or "royal servants", rose up, Andrew was forced to issue 
the Golden Bull of 1222, confirming their privileges. This led to the rise of the nobility 
in the Kingdom of Hungary. His Diploma Andreanum of 1224 listed the liberties of the 
Transylvanian Saxon community. The employment of Jews and Muslims to administer 
the royal revenues led him into conflict with the Holy See and the Hungarian prelates. 
Andrew pledged to respect the privileges of the clergymen and to dismiss his non-
Christian officials in 1233, but he never fulfilled the latter promise.

Andrew's first wife, Gertrude of Merania, was murdered in 1213, because her blatant 
favoritism towards her German kinsmen and courtiers stirred up discontent among the 
native lords. The veneration of their daughter, Elizabeth of Hungary, was confirmed by 
the Holy See during Andrew's lifetime. After Andrew's death, his sons, Béla and 
Coloman, accused his third wife, Beatrice d'Este, of adultery and never considered her 
son, Stephen, to be a legitimate son of Andrew.
Early life[edit]

Childhood and youth (c. 1177–1197)[edit]

Andrew was the second son of King Béla III and Béla's first wife, Agnes of Antioch.[2] 
The year of Andrew's birth is not known, but modern historians agree that he was born 
around 1177.[2][3][4] Andrew was first mentioned in connection to his father's 
invasion of the Principality of Halych in 1188.[5] That year, Béla III invaded Halych 
upon the request of its former prince, Vladimir II Yaroslavich, who had been expelled 
by his subjects.[5][6] Béla forced the new prince, Roman Mstislavich, to flee. After 
conquering Halych, he granted it to Andrew.[7][8] Béla also captured Vladimir 
Yaroslavich and imprisoned him in Hungary.[9]

After Béla's withdrawal from Halych, Roman Mstislavich returned with the assistance 
of Rurik Rostislavich, Prince of Belgorod Kievsky.[9] They tried to expel Andrew and 
his Hungarian retinue, but the Hungarians routed the united forces of Mstislavich and 
Rostislavich.[9] A group of local boyars offered the throne to Rostislav Ivanovich, a 
distant cousin of the imprisoned Vladimir Yaroslavich.[9] Béla III sent reinforcements 
to Halych, enabling Andrew's troops to repel the attacks.[10] Andrew's reign remained 
unpopular in Halych, because the Hungarian soldiers insulted local women and did not 
respect Orthodox churches.[9][11] Consequently, the local boyars allied with their 
former prince, Vladimir Yaroslavich, who had escaped from captivity and returned to 
Halych.[12] Duke Casimir II of Poland also supported Vladimir Yaroslavich, and they 
expelled Andrew and his retinue from the principality in August 1189 or 1190.[13][14]
[12] Andrew returned to Hungary after his defeat.[7] He did not receive a separate 
duchy from his father, who only gave him estates and money.[7] On his deathbed, Béla 
III, who had pledged to lead a crusade to the Holy Land, ordered Andrew to fulfill his 
vow.[15] Andrew's father died on 23 April 1196, and Andrew's older brother, Emeric, 
succeeded him.[16]

Last years (1234–1235)[edit]

Danilo Romanovich laid siege to Halych, and Andrew's youngest son died during the 
siege in the autumn of 1234.[135] However, Andrew stormed Austria in the summer of 
1235, forcing Duke Frederick to pay an indemnification for damages that his troops 
had caused while raiding Hungary.[135] Upon Andrew's demand, Pope Gregory 
declared on 31 August that Andrew and his sons could only be excommunicated by 
the authorization of the Holy See.[135] Andrew died on 21 September,[136] and was 
buried in Egres Abbey.[137]

Family[edit]
With Gertrude of Merania (b. ±1185):
Mary (b. 1203/1204), married Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
Bela IV (b. 1206)
Elisabeth (b. 1207, d. 1231), married Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia
Coloman (b. ±1210)

 With Yolanda de Courtenay (b. ±1198)
Yolanda (b. ±1219) married James I of Aragon

 With Beatrice d'Este (23 years old at the time of marriage in 1234)
Stephen

 
Andrew's first wife, Gertrude of Merania, was born around 1185, according to historian 
Gyula Kristó.[142] Their first child, Mary, was born in 1203 or 1204. She became the 
wife of Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria.[143] Andrew's eldest son, Béla, was born in 1206. He 
later succeeded his father as king.[143] Béla's younger sister, Elisabeth, was born in 
1207. She married Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia.[143] She died in 1231 and was 
canonized during Andrew's life.[144] Andrew's second son, Coloman, was born in 
1208. His third son, Andrew, was born around 1210. Coloman and Andrew each ruled 
the Principality of Halych for a short period.[143]

Two years after his first wife was murdered, Andrew married Yolanda de Courtenay, 
who was born around 1198.[145] Their only child, Yolanda, was born around 1219 and 
married James I of Aragon.[146] Andrew's third wife, Beatrice D'Este, was about 
twenty-three when they married in 1234.[147] She gave birth to a son, Stephen, after 
Andrew's death.[148] However, Andrew's two older sons, Béla and Coloman, accused 
her of adultery and considered her child to be a bastard.[149] Her grandson, Andrew, 
became the last monarch of the House of Árpád.[149]

Parents
____ Bela III "Harmadik Bela" (1148 - 23 Apr 1196)
OF ANTIOCH Agnes (1154 - 1184)

Siblings
____ Andrew (Andras) II "Masodik Endre" (1176 - 21 Sep 1235)

Marriage To VON MERAN Gertrude (1185 - 22 Sep 1213)
    m. BEF 1203 his first

Notes

Parents
____ Berthold IV (VI) (ABT 1159 - 12 Aug 1204)
VON GROITZACH-ROCHLITZ Agnes (ABT 1156 - 1195)

Children by VON MERAN Gertrude 1185 - 22 Sep 1213
____ Bela IV (Nov 1206 - 3 May 1270)

Marriage To DE COURTENAY Yolanda (Iolande) (ABT 1194 - ABT 1233)
    m. Feb 1215 Szekesfehervar, Hungary

Notes

Parents
DE COURTENAY Peter (Pierre) II (1155 - AFT Jun 1219)
OF FLANDERS Yolanda (1175 - 26 Aug 1219)

Children by DE COURTENAY Yolanda (Iolande) ABT 1194 - ABT 1233
____ Yolande (Jolan) (ABT 1215 - 12 Oct 1251)

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