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Birth:          22 Aug 1165 Paris, France
Death:          14 Jul 1223 Mantes, France
Burial:         St. Denis, France

Notes
a Crusader
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_France
Philip II, known as Philip Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste; 21 August 1165 – 14 
July 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223, a member of the House of Capet. 
Philip's predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, 
Philip became the first French monarch to style himself king of France. The son of 
King Louis VII and his third wife, Adèle of Champagne, he was originally nicknamed 
Dieudonné "God-given" because he was the first son of Louis VII, born late in his 
father's life.[1] Philip was given the nickname "Augustus" by the chronicler Rigord for 
having extended the Crown lands of France so remarkably.

After a twelve-year struggle with the Plantagenet dynasty in the Anglo-French War of 
1202–14, Philip broke up the large Angevin Empire presided over by the crown of 
England and defeated a coalition of his rivals (German, Flemish and English) at the 
Battle of Bouvines in 1214. This victory would have a lasting impact on western 
European politics: the authority of the French king became unchallenged, while the 
English King John was forced by his barons to sign Magna Carta and deal with a 
rebellion against him aided by Philip, the First Barons' War.

The military actions surrounding the Albigensian Crusade helped prepare the 
expansion of France southward. Philip did not participate directly in these actions, but 
he allowed his vassals and knights to help carry it out.

Philip transformed France from a small feudal state into the most prosperous and 
powerful country in Europe. He checked the power of the nobles and helped the 
towns to free themselves from seigniorial authority, granting privileges and liberties to 
the emergent bourgeoisie. He built a great wall around Paris ("the Wall of Philip II 
Augustus"), re-organized the French government and brought financial stability to his 
country.
Early years[edit]


 


 Isabelle, Philip's first wife.
Philip was born in Gonesse on 21 August 1165.[2] King Louis VII intended to make his 
son Philip co-ruler with him as soon as possible, in accordance with the traditions of 
the House of Capet, but these plans were delayed when Philip, at the age of thirteen, 
was separated from his companions during a royal hunt and became lost in the Forest 
of Compiègne. He spent much of the following night attempting to find his way out, but 
to no avail. Exhausted by cold, hunger and fatigue, he was eventually discovered by a 
peasant carrying a charcoal burner, but his exposure to the elements meant he soon 
contracted a dangerously high fever.[3] His father went on pilgrimage to the Shrine of 
Thomas Becket to pray for Philip's recovery and was told that his son had indeed 
recovered. However, on his way back to Paris, he suffered a stroke.

In declining health, Louis VII had his 14-year-old son crowned and anointed as king at 
Rheims on 1 November 1179 by the Archbishop Guillaume aux Blanches Mains. He 
was married on 28 April 1180 to Isabelle of Hainaut, the daughter of Baldwin V, Count 
of Hainaut, and Margaret I, Countess of Flanders, who brought the County of Artois as 
her dowry. From the time of his coronation, all real power was transferred to Philip, as 
his father slowly descended into senility.[3] The great nobles were discontented with 
Philip's advantageous marriage, while his mother and four uncles, all of whom 
exercised enormous influence over Louis, were extremely unhappy with his attainment 
of the throne, which caused a diminution of their power.[4] Eventually, Louis died on 
18 September 1180.

Consolidation of the royal demesne[edit]


 


 The coronation of Philip II Augustus in the presence of Henry II of England
While the royal demesne had increased under Philip I and Louis VI, it had diminished 
slightly under Louis VII. In April 1182, partially to enrich the French crown, Philip 
expelled all Jews from the demesne and confiscated their goods. Philip's eldest son 
Louis was born on 5 September 1187 and inherited the County of Artois in 1190, when 
his mother Isabelle died. The main source of funding for Philip's army was from the 
royal demesne. In times of conflict, he could immediately call up 250 knights, 250 
horse sergeants, 100 mounted crossbowmen, 133 crossbowmen on foot, 2,000 foot 
sergeants, and 300 mercenaries.[5] Towards the end of his reign, the king could 
muster some 3,000 knights, 9,000 sergeants, 6,000 urban militiamen, and thousands of 
foot sergeants.[6] Using his increased revenues, Philip was the first Capetian king to 
build a French navy actively. By 1215, his fleet could carry a total of 7,000 men. 
Within two years, his fleet included 10 large ships and many smaller ones.[7]

Wars with his vassals[edit]

In 1181, Philip began a war with Philip, Count of Flanders, over the Vermandois, which 
King Philip claimed as his wife's dowry and the Count was unwilling to give up. Finally 
the Count of Flanders invaded France, ravaging the whole district between the Somme 
and the Oise before penetrating as far as Dammartin.[8] Notified of Philip's impending 
approach with 2,000 knights, he turned around and headed back to Flanders.[9] Philip 
chased him, and the two armies confronted each other near Amiens. By this stage, 
Philip had managed to counter the ambitions of the count by breaking his alliances 
with Henry I, Duke of Brabant, and Philip of Heinsberg, Archbishop of Cologne. This, 
together with an uncertain outcome were he to engage the French in battle, forced 
the Count to conclude a peace.[8] In July 1185, the Treaty of Boves left the disputed 
territory partitioned, with Amiénois, Artois, and numerous other places passing to the 
king, and the remainder, with the county of Vermandois proper, left provisionally to the 
Count of Flanders.[10] It was during this time that Philip II was nicknamed "Augustus" 
by the monk Rigord for augmenting French lands.[11]

Meanwhile, in 1184, Stephen I of Sancerre and his Brabançon mercenaries ravaged 
the Orléanais. Philip defeated him with the aid of the Confrères de la Paix.

War with Henry II[edit]

Philip also began to wage war with King Henry II of England, who was also Count of 
Anjou and Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine in France. The death of Henry's eldest 
son, Henry the Young King, in June 1183, began a dispute over the dower of Philip's 
widowed sister Margaret. Philip insisted that the dower should be returned to France 
as the marriage did not produce any children, as per the betrothal agreement.[12] The 
two kings would hold conferences at the foot of an elm tree near Gisors, which was so 
positioned that it would overshadow each monarch's territory, but to no avail. Philip 
pushed the case further when King Béla III of Hungary asked for the widow's hand in 
marriage, and thus her dowry had to be returned, to which Henry finally agreed.


 


 Remains of the Wall of Philip II Augustus built around Paris before he went to the 
Crusades. The segment pictured here is found in the Rue des Jardins-Saint-Paul, Paris
The death in 1186 of Henry's fourth son, Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, began a new 
round of disputes, as Henry insisted that he retain the guardianship of the duchy for 
his unborn grandson Arthur I, Duke of Brittany.[12] Philip, as Henry's liege lord, 
objected, stating that he should be the rightful guardian until the birth of the child. 
Philip then raised the issue of his other sister, Alys, Countess of Vexin, and her 
delayed betrothal to Henry's son Richard I of England, nicknamed Richard the 
Lionheart.

With these grievances, two years of combat followed (1186–1188), but the situation 
remained unchanged. Philip initially allied with Henry's young sons Richard the 
Lionheart and John Lackland, who were in rebellion against their father. Philip II 
launched an attack on Berry in the summer of 1187, but in June made a truce with 
Henry, which left Issoudun in his hands and also granted him Fréteval in Vendômois.
[10] Though the truce was for two years, Philip found grounds for resuming hostilities 
in the summer of 1188. He skilfully exploited the estrangement between Henry and 
Richard, and Richard did homage to him voluntarily at Bonsmoulins in November 
1188.[10]

In 1189, Richard openly joined forces with Philip to drive Henry into abject 
submission. They chased him from Le Mans to Saumur, losing Tours in the process,
[12] before forcing him to acknowledge Richard as his heir. Finally, by the Treaty of 
Azay-le-Rideau (4 July 1189), Henry was forced to renew his own homage, confirm the 
cession of Issoudun to Philip (along with Graçay), and renounce his claim to 
suzerainty over Auvergne.[10] Henry died two days later. His death, and the news of 
the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin, diverted attention from the Franco-English war.

The Angevin Kings of England (the line of rulers to which Henry II belonged), were 
Philip's most powerful and dangerous vassals as Dukes of Normandy and Aquitaine 
and Counts of Anjou. Philip made it his life's work to destroy Angevin power in France. 
One of his most effective tools was to befriend all of Henry's sons and use them to 
foment rebellion against their father. He maintained friendships with Henry the Young 
King and Geoffrey II until their deaths. Indeed, at the funeral of Geoffrey, he was so 
overcome with grief that he had to be forcibly restrained from casting himself into the 
grave. He broke off his friendships with Henry's younger sons Richard and John as 
each acceded to the English throne.

Third Crusade[edit]



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 Philip (right) and King Richard I of England accepting the keys to Acre; from the 
Grandes Chroniques de France.
Philip travelled to the Holy Land to participate in the Third Crusade of 1189–1192 with 
King Richard I of England and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. His army 
left Vézelay on 1 July 1190. At first, the French and English crusaders travelled 
together, but the armies split at Lyon, after Richard decided to go by sea, whereas 
Philip took the overland route through the Alps to Genoa. The French and English 
armies were reunited in Messina, where they wintered together. On 30 March 1191, 
the French set sail for the Holy Land and Philip arrived on 20 May. He then marched 
to Acre, which was already under siege by a lesser contingent of crusaders, and he 
started to construct siege equipment before Richard arrived on 8 June. By the time 
Acre surrendered on 12 July, Philip was severely ill with dysentery, which reduced his 
zeal. Ties with Richard were further strained after the latter acted in a haughty manner 
after Acre fell to the crusaders.

More importantly, the siege of Acre resulted in the death of Philip, Count of Flanders, 
who held the county of Vermandois proper. His death threatened to derail the Treaty 
of Gisors that Philip had orchestrated to isolate the powerful Blois-Champagne faction. 
Philip decided to return to France to settle the issue of succession in Flanders, a 
decision that displeased Richard, who said, "It is a shame and a disgrace on my lord if 
he goes away without having finished the business that brought him hither. But still, if 
he finds himself in bad health, or is afraid lest he should die here, his will be done." 
On 31 July 1191, the French army of 10,000 men (along with 5,000 silver marks to pay 
the soldiers) remained in Outremer under the command of Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy. 
Philip and his cousin Peter of Courtenay, Count of Nevers, made their way to Genoa 
and from there returned to France. The decision to return was also fuelled by the 
realisation that with Richard campaigning in the Holy Land, English possessions in 
northern France would be open to attack. After Richard's delayed return home, war 
between England and France would ensue over possession of English-controlled 
territories.

Conflict with England, Flanders and the Holy Roman Empire[edit]

Conflict with King Richard the Lionheart, 1192–1199[edit]

The immediate cause of Philip's conflict with Richard the Lionheart stemmed from 
Richard's decision to break his betrothal with Phillip's sister Alys at Messina in 1191.
[13] Part of Alys's dowry that had been given over to Richard during their engagement 
was the territory of Vexin, which included the strategic fortress of Gisors. This should 
have reverted to Philip upon the end of the betrothal, but Philip, to prevent the 
collapse of the Crusade, agreed that this territory was to remain in Richard's hands 
and would be inherited by his male descendents. Should Richard die without an heir, 
the territory would return to Philip, and if Philip died without an heir, those lands would 
be considered a part of Normandy.[13]

Returning to France in late 1191, Phillip began plotting to find a way to have those 
territories restored to him. He was in a difficult situation, as he had taken an oath not 
to attack Richard's lands while he was away on crusade.[14] The Third Crusade 
ordained territory was under the protection of the Church in any event. Philip had 
unsuccessfully asked Pope Celestine III to release him from his oath,[15] was 
declined, forcing this caesar of France to build his own casus belli.

On 20 January 1192, Philip met with William FitzRalph, Richard's seneschal of 
Normandy. Presenting some documents purporting to be from Richard, Philip claimed 
that the English king had agreed at Messina to hand disputed lands over to France. 
Not having heard anything directly from their sovereign, FitzRalph and the Norman 
barons rejected Philip's claim to Vexin.[13] Philip at this time also began spreading 
rumours about Richard's action in the east to discredit the English king in the eyes of 
his subjects. Among the stories Philip invented included Richard involved in 
treacherous communication with Saladin, alleging he had conspired to cause the fall 
of Gaza, Jaffa, and Ashkelon, and that he had participated in the murder of Conrad of 
Montferrat.[15] Finally, Philip made contact with Prince John, Richard's brother, whom 
he convinced to join the conspiracy to overthrow the legitimate king of England.[15]

At the start of 1193, Prince John visited Philip in Paris, where he paid homage for 
Richard's continental lands. When word reached Philip that Richard had finished 
crusading and had been captured on his way back from the Holy Land, he promptly 
invaded Vexin. His first target was the fortress of Gisors, commanded by Gilbert de 
Vascoeuil, which surrendered without putting up a struggle.[16] Philip then penetrated 
deep into Normandy, reaching as far as Dieppe. To keep the duplicitous John on his 
side, Philip entrusted him with the defence of the town of Évreux.[17] Meanwhile, 
Philip was joined by Count Baldwin of Flanders, and together they laid siege to Rouen, 
the ducal capital of Normandy. Here, Philip's advance was halted by a defence led by 
the Earl of Leicester.[16] Unable to penetrate this defence, Philip moved on.

At Mantes on 9 July 1193, Philip came to terms with Richard's ministers, who agreed 
that Philip could keep his gains and would be given some extra territories if he ceased 
all further aggressive actions in Normandy, along with the condition that Philip would 
hand back the captured territory if Richard would pay homage.[16] To prevent Richard 
from spoiling their plans, Philip and John attempted to bribe Holy Roman Emperor 
Henry VI in order to keep the English king captive for a little while longer. Henry 
refused, and Richard was released from captivity on 4 February 1194. By 13 March 
Richard had returned to England, and by 12 May he had set sail for Normandy with 
some 300 ships, eager to engage Philip in war.[16]

Philip had spent this time consolidating his territorial gains and by now controlled 
much of Normandy east of the Seine, while remaining within striking distance of 
Rouen. His next objective was the castle of Verneuil,[18] which had withstood an 
earlier siege. Once Richard arrived at Barfleur, he soon marched towards Verneuil. As 
his forces neared the castle, Philip, who had been unable to break through, decided 
to strike camp. Leaving a large force behind to prosecute the siege, he moved off 
towards Évreux, which Prince John had handed over to his brother to prove his 
loyalty.[18] Philip retook the town and sacked it, but during this time, his forces at 
Verneuil abandoned the siege, and Richard entered the castle unopposed on 30 May. 
Throughout June, while Philip's campaign ground to a halt in the north, Richard was 
taking a number of important fortresses to the south. Philip, eager to relieve the 
pressure off his allies in the south, marched to confront Richard's forces at Vendôme. 
Refusing to risk everything in a major battle, Philip retreated, only to have his rear 
guard caught at Fréteval on 3 July. This turned into a general encounter in which 
Philip barely managed to avoid capture as his army was put to flight.[18] Fleeing back 
to Normandy, Philip avenged himself on the English by attacking the forces of Prince 
John and the Earl of Arundel, seizing their baggage train.[18] By now both sides were 
tiring, and they agreed to the temporary Truce of Tillières.

War continually raged during 1195, when Philip once again besieged Verneuil. 
Richard arrived to discuss the situation face to face. During negotiations, Philip 
secretly continued his operations against Verneuil; when Richard found out, he left, 
swearing revenge.[18] Philip now pressed his advantage in northeastern Normandy, 
where he conducted a raid at Dieppe, burning the English ships in the harbour while 
repulsing an attack by Richard at the same time. Philip now marched southward into 
the Berry region. His primary objective was the fortress of Issoudun, which had just 
been captured by Richard's mercenary commander, Mercadier. The French king took 
the town and was besieging the castle when Richard stormed through French lines 
and made his way in to reinforce the garrison, while at the same time another army 
was approaching Philip's supply lines. Philip called off his attack, and another truce 
was agreed.[18]

The war slowly turned against Philip over the course of the next three years. Political 
and military conditions seemed promising at the start of 1196, when Richard's nephew 
Arthur of Brittany ended up in Philip's hands, and he won the Siege of Aumale, but 
Philip's good fortune did not last. Richard won over a key ally, Baldwin of Flanders, in 
1197. Then, in 1198, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI died. His successor was to be 
Otto IV, Richard's nephew, who put additional pressure on Philip.[19] Finally, many 
Norman lords were switching sides and returning to Richard's camp. This was the 
state of affairs when Philip launched his campaign of 1198 with an attack on Vexin. 
He was pushed back and then had to deal with the Flemish invasion of Artois.

On 27 September, Richard entered Vexin, taking Courcelles-sur-Seine and Boury-en-
Vexin before returning to Dangu. Philip, believing that Courcelles was still holding out, 
went to its relief. Discovering what was happening, Richard decided to attack the 
French king's forces, catching Philip by surprise.[19] Philip's forces fled and attempted 
to reach the fortress of Gisors. Bunched together, the French knights with king Philip 
attempted to cross the Epte River on a bridge that promptly collapsed under their 
weight, almost drowning Philip in the process. He was dragged out of the river and 
shut himself up in Gisors.[19]

Philip soon planned a new offensive, launching raids into Normandy and again 
targeting Évreux. Richard countered Philip's thrust with a counterattack in Vexin, 
while Mercadier led a raid on Abbeville. The upshot was that by the autumn 1198, 
Richard had regained almost all that had been lost in 1193.[19] In desperate 
circumstances, Philip offered a truce so that discussions could begin towards a more 
permanent peace, with the offer that he would return all of the territories except for 
Gisors.

In mid-January 1199, the two kings met for a final meeting, Richard standing on the 
deck of a boat, Philip standing on the banks of the Seine River.[20] Shouting terms at 
each other, they could not reach agreement on the terms of a permanent truce, but 
they did agree to further mediation, which resulted in a five-year truce that held. Later 
in 1199, Richard was killed during a siege involving one of his vassals.

Conflict with King John, 1200–1206[edit]

Main articles: Normandy campaigns of 1200–1204 and Anglo-French War (1202–1214)

In May 1200, Philip signed the Treaty of Le Goulet with Richard's successor John 
Lackland. The treaty was meant to bring peace to Normandy by settling the issue of 
its much-reduced boundaries. The terms of John's vassalage were not only for 
Normandy, but also for Anjou, Maine, and Touraine. John agreed to heavy terms, 
including the abandonment of all the English possessions in Berry and 20,000 marks of 
silver, while Philip in turn recognised John as king of England, formally abandoning 
Arthur of Brittany's candidacy, whom he had hitherto supported, recognising instead 
John's suzerainty over the Duchy of Brittany. To seal the treaty, a marriage between 
Blanche of Castile, John's niece, and Louis the Lion, Philip's son, was contracted.


 


 Territorial Conquests of Philip II of France
This agreement did not bring warfare to an end in France, however, since John's 
mismanagement of Aquitaine led the province to erupt in rebellion later in 1200, a 
disturbance that Philip secretly encouraged.[21] To disguise his ambitions, Philip 
invited John to a conference at Andely and then entertained him at Paris, and both 
times he committed to complying with the treaty.[21] In 1202, disaffected patrons 
petitioned the French king to summon John to answer their charges in his capacity as 
John's feudal lord in France. John refused to appear, so Philip again took up Arthur of 
Brittany's claims to the English throne and betrothed his six-year-old daughter Marie. 
In riposte John crossed over into Normandy. His forces soon captured Arthur, and in 
1203, the young man disappeared, with most people believing that John had had him 
murdered. The outcry over Arthur's fate saw an increase in local opposition to John, 
which Philip used to his advantage.[21] He took the offensive and, apart from a five-
month siege of Andely, swept all before him. After Andely surrendered, John fled to 
England. By the end of 1204, most of Normandy and the Angevin lands, including 
much of Aquitaine, had fallen into Philip's hands.[21]

What Philip had gained through victory in war, he sought to confirm by legal means. 
Philip, again acting as John's liege lord over his French lands, summoned him to 
appear before the Court of the Twelve Peers of France to answer for the murder of 
Arthur of Brittany.[22] John requested safe conduct, but Philip only agreed to allow 
him to come in peace, while providing for his return only if it were allowed to after the 
judgment of his peers. Not willing to risk his life on such a guarantee, John refused to 
appear, so Philip summarily dispossessed the English of all lands.[22] Pushed by his 
barons, John eventually launched an invasion of northern France in 1206. He 
disembarked with his army at La Rochelle during one of Philip's absences, but the 
campaign was a disaster.[22] After backing out of a conference that he himself had 
demanded, John eventually bargained at Thouars for a two-year truce, the price of 
which was his agreement to the chief provisions of the judgment of the Court of Peers, 
including a loss of his patrimony.[22]

Marital problems[edit]

After the early death of Isabella of Hainaut in childbirth in 1190, Philip decided to 
marry again. On 15 August 1193, he married Ingeborg, daughter of King Valdemar I of 
Denmark. She was renamed Isambour, and Stephen of Tournai described her as "very 
kind, young of age but old of wisdom." For some unknown reason, Philip was repelled 
by her, and he refused to allow her to be crowned queen. Ingeborg protested at this 
treatment; his response was to confine her to a convent. He then asked Pope 
Celestine III for an annulment on the grounds of non-consummation. Philip had not 
reckoned with Isambour, however; she insisted that the marriage had been 
consummated, and that she was his wife and the rightful queen of France. The 
Franco-Danish churchman William of Paris intervened on the side of Ingeborg, drawing 
up a genealogy of the Danish kings to disprove the alleged impediment of 
consanguinity.

In the meantime, Philip had sought a new bride. Initial agreement had been reached 
for him to marry Margaret of Geneva, daughter of William I, Count of Geneva, but the 
young bride's journey to Paris was interrupted by Thomas I of Savoy, who kidnapped 
Philip's intended new queen and married her instead, claiming that Philip was already 
bound in marriage. Philip finally achieved a third marriage on 7 May 1196, when he 
was married to Agnes of Merania from Dalmatia. Their children were Marie and Philip, 
Count of Clermont, and, by marriage, Count of Boulogne.

Pope Innocent III declared Philip Augustus' marriage to Agnes of Merania null and 
void, as he was still married to Isambour. He ordered the king to part from Agnes, and 
when he did not, the pope placed France under an interdict in 1199. This continued 
until 7 September 1200. Due to pressure from the pope and from Ingeborg's brother 
King Valdemar II of Denmark, Philip finally took Isambour back as his wife in 1213.

Issue[edit]
By Isabella of Hainaut:[27] Louis VIII (5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226),[28] King 
of France (1223-1226); married Blanche of Castile and had issue.
Robert (15 March 1190 – 18 March 1190)
Philip (15 March 1190 – 18 March 1190)

By Agnes of Merania: Marie (1198 – 15 August 1238); married firstly Philip I of Namur, 
had no issue. Married secondly Henry I of Brabant,[29] had issue.
Philip (July 1200 – 14/18 January 1234), Count of Boulogne by marriage; married 
Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne[30] and had issue.

By a woman in Arras:[31] Pierre Charlot, bishop of Noyon.[32]


Last years[edit]

When Pope Innocent III called for a crusade against the "Albigensians," or Cathars, in 
Languedoc in 1208, Philip did nothing to support it, though he did not stop his nobles 
from joining in.[33] The war against the Cathars did not end until 1244, when their last 
strongholds were finally captured. The fruits of the victory, the submission of the south 
of France to the crown, were to be reaped by Philip's son Louis VIII and grandson 
Louis IX.[34] From 1216 to 1222, Philip also arbitrated in the War of Succession in 
Champagne and finally helped the military efforts of Eudes III, Duke of Burgundy, and 
Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II to bring it to an end.

Philip II Augustus played a significant role in one of the greatest centuries of 
innovation in construction and education in France. With Paris as his capital, he had 
the main thoroughfares paved,[35] built a central market, Les Halles,[36] continued 
the construction begun in 1163 of Notre-Dame de Paris, constructed the Louvre as a 
fortress, and gave a charter to the University of Paris in 1200.[37] Under his 
guidance, Paris became the first city of teachers the medieval world knew. In 1224, 
the French poet Henry d'Andeli wrote of the great wine tasting competition that Philip 
II Augustus commissioned, the Battle of the Wines.

Philip II Augustus died on 14 July 1223 at Mantes-la-Jolie and was interred in Saint 
Denis Basilica.[38] Philip's son by Isabella of Hainaut, Louis VIII, was his successor.

Portrayal in fiction[edit]

King Philip appears in William Shakespeare's historical play The Life and Death of 
King John.

Sir Walter Scott wove a tapestry of historical romance in his novel The Talisman, 
depicting the deceit and disunity among the leaders of the Third Crusade: Richard I of 
England, Philip II of France and Leopold V of Austria.

In the Holy Land King Philip was portrayed by Henry Corden as conspiring with Conrad 
of Montferrat (Michael Pate) against Richard the Lionheart (George Sanders), in King 
Richard and the Crusaders (1954), a film based on Scott's The Talisman.[39] In the 
1935 Cecil B. DeMille film The Crusades, he was portrayed by C. Henry Gordon.
King Philip also appears in James Goldman's 1966 Broadway Production of The Lion in 
Winter and was portrayed by Christopher Walken, as well as the 1968 Academy Award 
winning film of the same name, with Timothy Dalton playing the role. In the 2003 
remake starring Patrick Stewart and Glenn Close, he is played by Jonathan Rhys 
Meyers.
King Philip also appears in Ridley Scott's 2010 movie Robin Hood.
King Philip appears in Sharon Kay Penman's novels The Devil's Brood and Lionheart.
King Philip appears in Judith Koll Healey's novel The Rebel Princess.
King Philip appears in the game Stronghold Crusader. He is portrayed as a somewhat 
weak ruler who is rather reckless in battle with his knights.
King Philip appears in the game Genghis Khan II: Clan of the Gray Wolf as the head of 
the Capetian dynasty. He is the only ruler with an A in politics and a B in everything 
else.

Parents
____ Louis VII "the Young" (1119 - 18 Sep 1180)
OF BLOIS Adelaide (Adele) (Alix) (ABT 1140 - 4 Jun 1206)

Siblings
____ Philippe Auguste II (22 Aug 1165 - 14 Jul 1223)

Marriage To DE HAINAUT ET FLANDRES Isabelle (5 Apr 1170 - 15 Mar 1190)
    m. 28 Apr 1180 Bapaume, France his 1st

Notes
contract marriage. Note date of child's birth (he was 15). See Book of French kings

Parents
____ Baldwin VIII (V) (ABT 1150 - 17 Dec 1195)
DE LORRAINE Margaret (Marguerite) (ABT 1135 - 15 Nov 1194)

Children by DE HAINAUT ET FLANDRES Isabelle 5 Apr 1170 - 15 Mar 1190
____ Louis VIII "the Lion" (3 Sep 1187 - 8 Nov 1226)

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