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Birth:          1073 Boves, Somme, France
Death:          1131 

Notes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas,_Lord_of_Coucy
Thomas of Marle, Lord of Coucy and Boves, was born in 1073 to Enguerrand I of 
Boves, the Lord of Coucy and his wife Adele of Marle. After the death of his father, 
Enguerrand I, Thomas would become the Lord of Coucy and his family's other 
holdings. As the most well-known of the Lords of Coucy, Thomas of Marle would 
become infamous for his aggressive and brutal tactics in war and his continued 
rebellion against the authority of Louis VI.
Early life[edit]

The new Lords of Coucy that Thomas was descended from had not been landed 
nobles in the area for very long. In 1035, the first lord of Coucy, Dreux, Seigneur de 
Boves, seized the Castle of Coucy from Alberic, its original owner, and established 
himself as Lord of Coucy.[1] This move seems to have set the tone for the behavior of 
the following Lords of Coucy, including his grandson Thomas who would become 
infamous for his ruthlessness in war.

In 1073, Thomas of Marle was born as the heir of Enguerrand I of Boves, the Lord of 
Coucy, and his wife the Dame of Marle, Adele. Enguerrand was known as a womanizer 
but his faults were overlooked by chroniclers due to his continued support of various 
religious institutions in the area. Although he supported the Catholic Church, 
Enguerrand I and the previous lords of Coucy were known to participate in a number 
of local wars in order to gain land and resources.[2]

As the first born heir, Thomas would have been educated in the affairs of nobility 
which would have included the skills and virtues of a knight. As a knight, he was 
expected to uphold certain chivalric virtues that were used to control knightly and 
noble violence and disorder. Chivalry was nurtured in France and was used to 
influence and control the behavior of knights and nobility. It was used as a sustaining 
ethos of warrior groups who were identified on one hand by their martial skill as 
horsemen and by a combination of pride in ancestry, status, and traditions of service.
[3] Three themes are woven into the fabric of the ideals of knighthood: religious, 
social, and martial service to their lord.[4] In Thomas' lifetime, the social status of 
knights and nobles in France was becoming parallel which culminated in the 
structured world of knighted nobility in the thirteenth century.[5] Through this shift in 
the status of knights, the code of chivalry was becoming the basis for society's 
expectations of knightly behavior. When Thomas began his own military campaigns, it 
was for his continued abuse of knightly virtues and expected behaviors that he would 
be remembered.

Thomas and his father grew to become bitter rivals after Thomas' paternity was cast 
into doubt and his father openly toyed with the notion that Thomas was not his true 
son. It is possible that because of this uncertainty with whom his father truly was, 
Thomas would become more associated with the surname of his mother (Marle) instead 
of his father. Nevertheless, Thomas participated in the numerous private wars that 
were launched against his father and helped defend his father’s wealth and land. 
These private battles were fought primarily by household knights and taught Thomas 
how to use pillaging and destruction as a helpful tool for taking over new territories 
and crippling his enemies.

After the famous summons to crusade by Pope Urban II in 1095, Thomas and his 
father Enguerrand rode out with members of their house to participate in the First 
Crusade as part of the army of Emicho.. According to familial legend, while they were 
travelling with a small party of their household Enguerrand and Thomas were set upon 
by a band of Muslim warriors. Moving quickly, the men of Coucy shredded their cloaks 
trimmed with squirrel fur (vair) into six pieces to use as banners for recognition and 
managed to defeat their attackers. The sources are unclear on whether it was Thomas 
or Enguerrand who created the makeshift banners but this event was commemorated 
permanently in their coat-of-arms which shows "barry of six, vair and gules".

Both Thomas and his father returned safely from the First Crusade to their holdings in 
France. By right of marriage, Thomas came into possession of the fortified castle of 
Montaigu in the district of Laon which he would use as a base for his early military 
movements. Because of the strength in his holdings, he was a threatening presence in 
the area to his neighbors who were unhappy with his growing confidence and 
ambition. According to Suger, Enguerrand was an honorable man and made more 
effort than anyone to drive Thomas from his castle ‘because of his seditious 
tyranny.’[6] With Enguerrand's support, several barons attempted to enclose Thomas 
into his castle with a palisade and starve him into submission.

Luckily for Thomas, he was able to slip away and assembled a host of seven hundred 
knights to retake the area. The barons learned of this oncoming force and begged 
Thomas to spare them the shame of lifting their siege and facing their lord-designate. 
They retreated and Thomas quickly destroyed the palisade and reinforced the castle 
of Montaigu which angered the retreating magnates.

The barons threatened on oath to honor him no longer and, when they saw him 
leaving with his army, they followed him as though they would engage in combat. The 
two forces were prevented from battle by a roaring stream that separated them. 
Eventually the men of the highest nobility, including Enguerrand, came together for 
deliberation. Deciding to consider Thomas' youth and valor, they chose to defer to him 
and pledge their allegiance to his cause. Not long after this, Thomas of Marle lost 
both the castle of Montaigu and his marriage caused by an annulment due to an 
incestuous relationship.[7]

In 1116, he succeeded his father, Enguerrand I, as Lord of Coucy and added the 
lands of his mother to their domains. Following the tradition of his forefathers, Thomas 
of Marle began waging multiple private wars against his neighbors to expand his 
holdings.

Warfare and violence[edit]

Thomas of Marle came into power during a period of unrest with the nobility of France. 
Abbot Suger of St. Denis' chronicles of the reign of Louis VI "the Fat" recorded his 
king constantly marching across his kingdom to bring his unruly lords and barons to 
heel. Each of these feudal lords were described as violent and disloyal to feudo-
vassalic oaths and therefore were the epitome of brutality that would typify this period. 
As king of France, Louis had taken "vows to put down with his strong right arm 
insolent tyrants whensoever he sees them vex the state with endless wars, rejoice in 
rapine, oppress the poor, destroy the churches, give themselves over to lawlessness 
which, and it be not checked, would flame out into ever greater madness."[8] As far 
as Suger and his king were concerned, Thomas of Marle was the worst kind of 
warmonger and represented a threat to France's people, church, and lands.

While Louis VI had been busy waging war against his enemies in England and his 
nobility within his kingdom, Thomas of Marle took advantage of the distraction and 
began waging war in the lands of Laon, Rheims, and Amiens, devouring them "like a 
raging wolf."[9] As he laid waste to the countryside of France, he shocked the Roman 
Catholic Church leaders when he seized the abbey of the nuns of St. John of Laon.

Knights like Thomas of Marle were encouraged to avoid attacking or capturing 
Catholic churches in war due to their inhabitants being unable to defend themselves 
or bear arms. The Peace of God[10] and Truce of God[11] movement promised severe 
punishments, including excommunication, to any knight or noble who broke this 
spiritual law. European sovereigns like Louis VI recognized the need of presenting 
their own organizations and conduct as chivalrous which required an emphasis on the 
Christian vocation of knighthood.[12] Thomas of Marle had openly ignored these 
spiritual laws when he initiated this attack and did not spare the members of the clergy 
from the violence. As the medieval period progressed, especially during the Crusades, 
the chivalric code became more closely tied to the spiritual elements of the Catholic 
Church. A number of orders of knighthood became obsessed with crusading and had a 
number of statutes that outlined the religious observances that their knights must 
observe.[13]

As a knight, Thomas of Marle should have been an example of virtues like wisdom, 
charity and loyalty, and honor above all while eschewing pride, idleness, false-
swearing, lechery, and especially treason.[14] Instead, Thomas became the example 
of every bad behavior a knight could be accused of.

The Abbot Guibert of Nogent, Sous, and Coucy added to the growing rumors of 
Thomas' atrocities by describing a struggle between the Lord of Coucy and an 
archbishop. After the archbishop was murdered, Thomas sheltered the murderers and 
protected them within the walls of his castle. Guibert described Thomas as a man who 
attained power by preying on the weak, the young, and pilgrims on their way to 
Jerusalem. He described how Thomas captured prisoners and forced them to endure 
vicious tortures in order to receive ransoms from them. "For when he was compelling 
prisoners to ransom themselves, he hung them up by their testicles, sometimes with his 
own hands, and those often breaking away through the weight of the body, there 
followed at the once the breaking out of their vital parts."[15] Guibert described 
Thomas as a savage brute who was responsible for countless atrocities and attacks 
on the innocent. His sins caused the people of the entire region to adopt his bad 
behavior as well making him a threat to the peace of France.[16] By abandoning the 
chivalric virtues of mercy, loyalty, spirituality, and honor, Thomas became the 
antithesis of the medieval model for knighthood.

Scandalized by this knightly lord’s behavior, the Church of France met in a general 
synod at Beauvais and passed a sentence of condemnation upon their new enemy of 
the Church—Thomas of Marle. Cono, the bishop of Praeneste and papal legate to the 
holy Roman Church, led the council in their decision to punish Thomas of Marle to the 
extent of their spiritual ability. Using the spiritual powers given to the church through 
the sword of the apostle Peter, they condemned Thomas of Marle to be punished with 
general anathema or excommunication. Cono and the council of French religious 
officials also removed the sword belt of knighthood from him, although Thomas was 
not present, and declared him to be infamous, a scoundrel who was unworthy of the 
name Christian.[17]

Thomas of Marle's behavior on the battlefield and his brutal treatment of prisoners 
garnered him the attention of many of France's leaders. As a Christian monarch, Louis 
VI was persuaded by the results of the general synod and gathered an army to march 
against Thomas of Marle quickly. He was able to quickly take the well-fortified castle 
of Crecy which his followers took to be a sign of God's favor on their mission. Louis 
VI's army cut down a number of Thomas of Marle's men without mercy and set fire to 
the castle.

Death[edit]

After his victory at Crecy, Louis VI pressed his advantage and continued his march to 
the castle of Nogent. An anonymous man came to Louis VI as he approached and told 
the king that the castle was overrun with wicked and unfaithful men. More shocking 
was his story of the fate of the commune of Laon—the man claimed that Thomas' men 
had burned it, and several other holy places, to the ground when they burned the rest 
of the city. He claimed that nearly all of the noble men of the city had "suffered 
martyrdom because they were true to their faith and defended their lord the bishop." 
These faithless men had even gone so far as to put the Bishop Gaudin to death and 
left his naked body on the open road so that it would be fed on by the beasts. All of 
this, according to the man, had been orchestrated by Thomas of Marle in order to 
attack and hold this tower.

Furiously Louis VI attacked the castle of Nogent, releasing all of the subjects in prison 
and punishing the followers of Thomas. He commanded that any disloyal man he came 
upon would be fastened to a gibbet and left as food "for the greed of kites, crows, 
and vultures." Once Louis VI had taken these two castles, he returned the domains of 
the monastery of St. John and continued his campaign against disloyal knights and 
lords. To ensure that Thomas of Marle would gain nothing from his violent and 
faithless attacks, Louis decreed that none of the heirs of Thomas would ever hold 
lordship over these cities.[18]

Louis VI continued to press his advantage against Thomas by leading a host of men 
directly to the center of Thomas' power at Coucy. This action was spurred on by a 
number of bishops and notable men of France, most prominently the distinguished 
Count Ralph of Vermandois. Encouraged by his religious fervor and the revenge he 
wished to bestow on behalf of the church, Louis VI ignored reports of ambushes and 
the strength of Thomas' holdings in Coucy.

On their way to the castle, Count Ralph moved ahead with a number of knights and 
came upon a small skirmish with Thomas of Marle present. Thomas had already been 
knocked from his mount and Count Ralph saw his opportunity. Moving quickly, Count 
Ralph struck Thomas with his sword and dealt him a mortal wound. Mortally wounded 
and taken captive, Thomas was brought before King Louis VI who commanded that he 
be returned to Laon.

The next day, Louis confiscated Thomas' estates and tore down the enclosures he 
had built in preparation for war before returning to Laon to deal with his disloyal 
vassal. Regardless of threats or force, Thomas refused to free the merchants that he 
had been holding captive despite their rite of safe conduct. Louis VI gave Thomas' 
wife, Melisende of Crecy, permission to come to her husband’s bedside but Thomas 
seemed more upset about the loss of the merchants than his approaching demise.[19]

The wounds he had received in his final battle pained him greatly but he was still 
reluctant to make his final confession and receive the viaticum. When he finally 
conceded, Suger claims that the Lord himself did not want him to receive the holy 
sacrament. Just as Thomas raised his neck to speak to the priest, it twisted back and 
broke on the spot. Thus, bereft of the Eucharist, Thomas of Marle breathed his last in 
the year 1130.[20]

After his death, Louis VI released all of Thomas' prisoners and relieved his wife and 
sons of a great portion of their wealth before returning to Paris. Thomas’ first born 
son, Enguerrand II, became the next Lord of Coucy and their remaining lands.

Family[edit]

When Thomas returned home from the Crusades and he married his first wife Ida of 
Hainaut, the daughter of Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut, in 1102 at the age of 29.

Thomas and his first wife had two children:
Ida (Basilia) de Coucy . Married 1) Alard III de Chimay and 2) Bernard d'Orbais, son of 
Siger d´Orbais [21]
Beatrix de Coucy married Evrard III de Breteuil, son of Valeran II Sire de Breteuil.[21]

After Ida's death just a few years later, Thomas married again in 1108 to Melisende of 
Crecy, the daughter of Guy de Crécy. Their marriage produced four children, including 
his heir:
Enguerrand II Lord of Coucy and Marle.[21]
Robert Lord of Boves (died at Acre in 1191) married Beatrix de Saint-Pol, daughter of 
Hugo II, count of Saint-Pol and his second wife Marguerite de Clermont.[21]
Melisende de Coucy, was contracted to marry Adelme, Châtelain d'Amiens, son of 
Adam, Châtelain d´Amiens. She married before 1162–73 (date of charter) Hugh de 
Gournay, seigneur of Gournay-en-Brie, son and heir of Gerard de Gournay, seigneur of 
Gournay-en-Brie, by his wife, Ediva, daughter of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of 
Surrey.[21]
Mathilde de Coucy married Guy Châtelain d'Amiens, son of Adam Châtelain d´Amiens.
[22]

Parents
DE COUCY Enguerrand (Engelram) I (ABT 1042 - ABT 1118)
DE ROUCY Adele (Ada) (ABT 1054 - )

Siblings
DE COUCY Thomas (1073 - 1131)

Marriage To DE CRECY Melisende (ABT 1084 - AFT 1147)
    m.  

Notes

Parents
DE MONTLHERY Guy II "the Red" (ABT 1060 - 1108)
DE CRECY Adelaide (ABT 1062 - AFT 1104)

Children by DE CRECY Melisende ABT 1084 - AFT 1147
DE COUCY Enguerrand (Engelram) II (ABT 1110 - 1148)
DE COUCY Melesinde (1120 - AFT 1181)

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